{"id":68950,"date":"2024-05-20T18:32:53","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T18:32:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/?p=68950"},"modified":"2024-05-20T20:59:33","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T20:59:33","slug":"egiptul-antic-regatul-mijlociu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/egiptul-antic-regatul-mijlociu\/","title":{"rendered":"E. Egiptul Antic &#8211; Regatul mijlociu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cele Dou\u0103 \u021a\u0103ri au fost din nou unite c\u00e2nd <strong>Mentuhotep al II-lea<\/strong> a \u00eenvins dinastia a zecea a Heracleopolis. Regatul de Mijloc a extins comer\u021bul \u00een afara regatului \u0219i a consolidat puterea faraonic\u0103 prin construirea de fortifica\u021bii defensive \u0219i a \u021binut o armat\u0103 permanent\u0103 preg\u0103tit\u0103 pentru ac\u021biune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cendelungata domnie a lui Amenemhat al III-lea, cel mai probabil, a sl\u0103bit puterea faraonic\u0103 din nou, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce conduc\u0103torii locali au devenit puternici. Acest lucru a dus la o serie de conduc\u0103tori slabi \u0219i efemeri care au pus cap\u0103t epocii de aur a Regatului de Mijloc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">E.1. Regatul mijlociu &#8211; Dinastia a 11-a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7 regi<\/strong> pentru <strong>139 de ani<\/strong> (2130 \u00ee.Hr. &#8211; 1991 \u00ee.Hr.), re\u0219edin\u021ba la <strong>Theba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dinastia a XI-a a controlat Egiptul de Sus doar din capitala sa de la Teba, \u00een timp ce Dinastia X a condus Egiptul de Jos de la Heracleopolis. Acest lucru i-a adus \u00eentr-un lung conflict care s-a \u00eencheiat c\u00e2nd Mentuhotep al II-lea i-a \u00eenvins pe Herkleopoli\u021bieni \u0219i a reunit cele Dou\u0103 \u021a\u0103ri, pornind Regatul Mijlociu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u2116<\/td><td><strong>FARAON<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Alt\u0103 denumire<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Perioada<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td><strong>Mentuhotep I<\/strong><\/td><td>Mentuhotep-aa<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><strong>Intef I<\/strong><\/td><td>Antef I, Anjotef I, Inyotef I<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td><strong>Intef II<\/strong><\/td><td>Antef II, Anjotef II, Inyotef II<\/td><td>2066\u20132017<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><strong>Intef III<\/strong><\/td><td>Antef III, Anjotef III, Inyotef III<\/td><td>2016\u20132009<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td><strong>Mentuhotep II<\/strong><\/td><td>Montuhotep II<\/td><td>2009\u20131959<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><strong>Mentuhotep III<\/strong><\/td><td>Montuhotep III<\/td><td>1958\u20131947<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td><strong>Mentuhotep IV<\/strong><\/td><td>Montuhotep IV<\/td><td>1947\u20131940<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">E.2. Regatul mijlociu &#8211; Dinastia a 12-a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8 regi<\/strong> pentru <strong>189 de ani<\/strong> (1991 \u00ee.Hr. &#8211; 1802 \u00ee.Hr.), re\u0219edin\u021ba la <strong>Itjtawy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dinastia a XII-a a adus Regatul Mijlociu pe noi culmi. Faraonii au \u00eenceput s\u0103 p\u0103streze armate \u00een picioare bine preg\u0103tite \u0219i au construit fortifica\u021bii. Aceste armate au fost folosite \u0219i \u00een campanii str\u0103ine, dar mai ales a existat pace \u0219i prosperitate economic\u0103 care nu mai existau din Vechiul Regat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u2116<\/td><td><strong>FARAON<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Alt\u0103 denumire<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Perioada<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td><strong>Amenemhat I<\/strong><\/td><td>Amenemhet I<\/td><td>1939\u20131910<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><strong>Senusret I<\/strong><\/td><td>Senusret I, Senwosret I<\/td><td>1920\u20131875<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td><strong>Amenemhat II<\/strong><\/td><td>Amenemhet II<\/td><td>1878\u20131843<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><strong>Senusret II<\/strong><\/td><td>Senusret II, Senwosret II<\/td><td>1845\u20131837<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td><strong>Senusret III<\/strong><\/td><td>Senusret III, Senwosret III, Sesostris<\/td><td>1837\u20131819<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><strong>Amenemhat III<\/strong><\/td><td>Amenemhet III<\/td><td>1818\u20131773<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td><strong>Amenemhat IV<\/strong><\/td><td>Amenemhet IV<\/td><td>1772\u20131764<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><strong>Neferusobek<\/strong><\/td><td>Sobekneferu<\/td><td>1763\u20131760<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">E.3. Regatul mijlociu &#8211; Dinastia a 13-a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">aprox. <strong>40-50 regi<\/strong> pentru <strong>154 de ani<\/strong> (1803 \u00ee.Hr. &#8211; 1649 \u00ee.Hr.), re\u0219edin\u021ba la <strong>Itjtawy<\/strong> &amp; <strong>Thema<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adev\u0103rata cronologie \u0219i num\u0103rul regilor dinastiei a XIII-a este foarte greu de determinat, deoarece multe dintre numele regilor sunt cunoscute doar din inscrip\u021bii fragmentare sau scarabe. Mai mult, plasarea multor regi enumera\u021bi \u00een aceast\u0103 dinastie este foarte incert\u0103 \u0219i disputat\u0103 \u00eentre egiptologi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u2116<\/td><td><strong>FARAON<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Alt\u0103 denumire<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Perioada<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td><strong>Sobekhotep I<\/strong><\/td><td>Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep, (previously Sobekhotep II)<\/td><td>1803\u20131800<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td><strong>Sonbef<\/strong><\/td><td>Sekhemkare Amenemhat Sonbef<\/td><td>1800\u20131796<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td><strong>Nerikara<\/strong><\/td><td>Nerikare<\/td><td>1796<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><strong>Sekhemkara Amenemhat<\/strong><\/td><td>Amenemhat V<\/td><td>1796\u20131793<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td><strong>Ameny Qemau<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1793\u20131791<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><strong>Qemau Siharnedjheritef<\/strong><\/td><td>Amenemhat VI<\/td><td>1791\u20131788<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td><strong>Iufni<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1788<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><strong>Sankhibra Amenemhat<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1788\u20131785<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td><strong>Nebnun<\/strong><\/td><td>Semenkare Nebnun, Nebennu<\/td><td>1785\u20131783<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td><strong>Sewesekhtawy Sehotepibra<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1783\u20131781<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td><strong>Sewadjkara<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1781<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td><strong>Nedjemibra<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1780<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td><strong>Sobekhotep II<\/strong><\/td><td>Khaankhre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep I in older studies<\/td><td>1780\u20131777<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td><strong>Ranisonb<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1777<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td><strong>Hor I<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1777\u20131775<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td><strong>Sekhemra Khutawy<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1775\u20131772<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td><strong>Djedkheperu<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1772\u20131770<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td><strong>Sebkay<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1770\u20131769<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td><strong>Sedjefakara Kay-Amenemhat<\/strong><\/td><td>Amenemhat VII<\/td><td>1769\u20131766<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<\/td><td><strong>Wegaf<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1766\u20131764<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>21<\/td><td><strong>Khendjer<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1764\u20131759<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22<\/td><td><strong>Imyremeshaw<\/strong><\/td><td>Smenkhkare Emramesha<\/td><td>1759<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>23<\/td><td><strong>Intef IV<\/strong><\/td><td>Intef V, Sehotepkare Intef<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>24<\/td><td><strong>Meribra Seth<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1749<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25<\/td><td><strong>Sobekhotep III<\/strong><\/td><td>Sekhemre Sewadjtawy Sobkhotep<\/td><td>1749\u20131742<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>26<\/td><td><strong>Neferhotep I<\/strong><\/td><td>Khasekhemre Neferhotep<\/td><td>1742\u20131731<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>27<\/td><td><strong>Sihathor<\/strong><\/td><td>Menwadjre Sihathor, Sahathor<\/td><td>1733<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>28<\/td><td><strong>Sobekhotep IV<\/strong><\/td><td>Khaneferre Sobekhotep<\/td><td>1732\u20131720<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>29<\/td><td><strong>Sobekhotep V<\/strong><\/td><td>Merhotepre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep VI in older studies<\/td><td>1720\u20131717<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30<\/td><td><strong>Sobekhotep VI<\/strong><\/td><td>Khahotepre Sobekhotep, Sobekhotep V<\/td><td>1717\u20131712<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>31<\/td><td><strong>Wahibra Jaib<\/strong><\/td><td>Wahibre Iaib, Wahibre Ibiau<\/td><td>1712\u20131701<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>32<\/td><td><strong>Aya<\/strong><\/td><td>Merneferre Ay<\/td><td>1701\u20131677<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>33<\/td><td><strong>Ini I<\/strong><\/td><td>Merhotepre<\/td><td>1677\u20131675<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>34<\/td><td><strong>Sewadjtu<\/strong><\/td><td>Sankhenre<\/td><td>1675\u20131672<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>35<\/td><td><strong>Ined<\/strong><\/td><td>Mersekhemre<\/td><td>1672\u20131669<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>36<\/td><td><strong>Sewadjkara Hori<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>1669\u20131664<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>37<\/td><td><strong>Sobekhotep VII<\/strong><\/td><td>Merkaure Sobekhotep<\/td><td>1664\u20131662<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>38<\/td><td><strong>Merkheperra<\/strong><\/td><td>Merkheperre<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>39<\/td><td><strong>Merkara<\/strong><\/td><td>Merkare<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>40<\/td><td><strong>Sekhaenra<\/strong><\/td><td>Yakbim, Yakobmu<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>41<\/td><td><strong>Maara Sobekhotep<\/strong><\/td><td>Sobekhotep IX<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>42<\/td><td><strong>Mentuhotep V<\/strong><\/td><td>Sewadjare Mentuhotep, Mentuhotep VI<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>43<\/td><td><strong>Ibi<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>44<\/td><td><strong>Hor II<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>45<\/td><td><strong>Se..kara<\/strong><\/td><td>Sekare<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>46<\/td><td><strong>Sankhptahi<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>47<\/td><td><strong>Senebmiu<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\">Sursa cronologie regi: pharaoh.se. Perioadele sunt pur orientative iar ele pot s\u0103 difere de la o surs\u0103 la alta. Izvoarele istorice sunt destul de vagi, exist\u00e2nd astfel perioade de suprapunere sau de imposibilitate de delimitare clar\u0103 a acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">Cite\u0219te \u0219i:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-carp-silviu-ionut wp-block-embed-carp-silviu-ionut\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HW9vCCf3Rb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/egiptul-antic-prima-perioada-intermediara\/\">D. Egiptul Antic &#8211; Prima perioad\u00c3\u0192\u00c6\u2019\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u00be\u00c3\u0192\u00e2\u20ac\u00a0\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2 intermediar\u00c3\u0192\u00c6\u2019\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u00be\u00c3\u0192\u00e2\u20ac\u00a0\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;D. Egiptul Antic &#8211; Prima perioad\u00c3\u0192\u00c6\u2019\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u00be\u00c3\u0192\u00e2\u20ac\u00a0\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2 intermediar\u00c3\u0192\u00c6\u2019\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00c5\u00be\u00c3\u0192\u00e2\u20ac\u00a0\u00c3\u00a2\u00e2\u201a\u00ac\u00e2\u201e\u00a2&#8221; &#8212; Carp Silviu Ionut\" src=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/egiptul-antic-prima-perioada-intermediara\/embed\/#?secret=BCgnQg3Eed#?secret=HW9vCCf3Rb\" data-secret=\"HW9vCCf3Rb\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-carp-silviu-ionut wp-block-embed-carp-silviu-ionut\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VYa443tEHw\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/egiptul-antic-regatul-mijlociu\/\">E. Egiptul Antic &#8211; Regatul mijlociu<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;E. Egiptul Antic &#8211; Regatul mijlociu&#8221; &#8212; Carp Silviu Ionut\" src=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/egiptul-antic-regatul-mijlociu\/embed\/#?secret=1vDOJdFGam#?secret=VYa443tEHw\" data-secret=\"VYa443tEHw\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cele Dou\u0103 \u021a\u0103ri au fost din nou unite c\u00e2nd Mentuhotep al II-lea a \u00eenvins dinastia a zecea a Heracleopolis. Regatul de Mijloc a extins comer\u021bul \u00een afara regatului \u0219i a consolidat puterea faraonic\u0103 prin construirea de fortifica\u021bii defensive \u0219i a \u021binut o armat\u0103 permanent\u0103 preg\u0103tit\u0103 pentru ac\u021biune. \u00cendelungata domnie a lui Amenemhat al III-lea, cel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68955,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-egiptul-antic"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>E. 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