{"id":69079,"date":"2024-05-24T14:36:54","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T14:36:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/?p=69079"},"modified":"2024-05-26T18:50:49","modified_gmt":"2024-05-26T18:50:49","slug":"mykerinos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/mykerinos\/","title":{"rendered":"Menkaura (Mykerinos) &#8211; al \u0219aselea faraon al Dinastiei a 4-a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Menkaura (sau Men-Kau-Re; Mycerinus \u00een latin\u0103; <strong>Mykerinos <\/strong>\u00een greac\u0103) a fost (potrivit multor surse) <strong> faraon al dinastiei a IV-a<\/strong> din <a href=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/egiptul-antic-vechiul-regat\/\">Vechiului Regat<\/a> al  <a href=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/categorie\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/\">Egiptului Antic<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pharaoh_Menhaure_triad_statue_Caire-Musee.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-69083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pharaoh_Menhaure_triad_statue_Caire-Musee.jpg 220w, https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pharaoh_Menhaure_triad_statue_Caire-Musee-147x300.jpg 147w, https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/Pharaoh_Menhaure_triad_statue_Caire-Musee-150x306.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Statuia triada faraonului Menkaure, Caire-Mus\u00e9e (@Wikipedia)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pharaoh.se  plaseaz\u0103 domnia lui <strong>Mykerinos <\/strong> \u00eentre 2447 \u00ee.Hr. \u0219i 2442 \u00ee.Hr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Profesorul John Baimes \u0219i dr. Jaromir Malek \u00eel plaseaz\u0103, \u00een lucrarea \u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/486258685\/Atlas-of-Ancient-Egypt-by-John-Baines-Jaromir-Malek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Atlasul Egiptului Antic<\/a>\u201d, \u00eentre 2490 \u00ee.Hr. \u0219i 2472 \u00ee.Hr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unele surse specific\u0103 alt\u0103 perioada: c. 2620 \u00ee.Hr.\u20132480 \u00ee.Hr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alte surse dateaz\u0103 domnia sa \u00eentre 2532 \u00ee.Hr.\u20132504 \u00ee.Hr. sau 28 de ani, dar datele din <a href=\"https:\/\/mru.ink\/ro\/the-turin-king-list-turin-royal-canon-papyrus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lista Regilor de la Torino<\/a> de 18 ani pentru el sunt considerate ca fiind mai aproape de adev\u0103r, deoarece c\u00e2teva dintre statuile sale au fost neterminate la moartea sa &#8211; suger\u00e2nd o domnie mult mai scurt\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perioada de domni este mai pu\u021bin important\u0103. Ce este relevand este faptul c\u0103  a ordonat construirea celei de-a treia \u0219i cea mai mic\u0103 dintre Piramidele din Giza. Regina sa principal\u0103 a fost Khamerernebty II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numele s\u0103u \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201eDureaz\u0103 mult (B\u0103rba\u021bii) for\u021bele vitale (Kau) ale lui Ra.\u00bb A fost succesorul lui Khafra (<strong>Chephren<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"338\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/Menkaure_and_Chamerernebti_II.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-69085\" style=\"width:338px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/Menkaure_and_Chamerernebti_II.jpg 338w, https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/Menkaure_and_Chamerernebti_II-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/Menkaure_and_Chamerernebti_II-150x200.jpg 150w, https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/Menkaure_and_Chamerernebti_II-300x399.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Mykerinos \u0219i so\u021bia sa (sursa: Ziegler,&nbsp;<em>L&#8217;art \u00e9gyptien<\/em>, pp. 226-227)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potrivit lui Herodot, Menkaura era fiul lui <a href=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/khufu-cheops\/\">Khufu <\/a>(greac\u0103 Keops) \u0219i a atenuat suferin\u021ba pe care domnia tat\u0103lui s\u0103u le-a provocat locuitorilor Egiptului antic. Herodot adaug\u0103 c\u0103 <strong>a suferit multe nenorociri<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>singura sa fiic\u0103, al c\u0103rei cadavru a fost \u00eengropat \u00eentr-un taur de lemn (despre care Herodot sus\u021bine c\u0103 a supravie\u021buit p\u00e2n\u0103 la via\u021b\u0103), a murit \u00eenaintea lui; \u00een plus, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>oracolul de la Buto a prezis c\u0103 va domni doar \u0219ase ani, dar prin \u00een\u021belepciunea sa, Menkaure a reu\u0219it s\u0103 conduc\u0103 un total de 12 ani \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencalce profe\u021bia (Herodot, Istorii, 2.129-133).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alte surse contradictorii afirm\u0103 c\u0103 Menkaura nu era fiul lui Khufu, ci al lui Khafra, care, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, era fiul lui Khufu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Menkaura nu a fost succedat de prin\u021bul Khuenre, fiul s\u0103u cel mare, care a decedat \u00eenaintea lui Menkaura, ci mai degrab\u0103 de <strong>Shepseskaf<\/strong>, un fiu mai mic al acestui rege (considerat de unele surse ca fiind ultimul faraon al celei de-a 4-a dinastii din <a href=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/egiptul-antic-vechiul-regat\/\">Vechiului Regat<\/a> al  <a href=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/categorie\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/\">Egiptului Antic<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Piramida lui Mykerinos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de \u201edoar\u201d 65 de metri, piramida lui Mykerinos are mai pu\u021bin de jum\u0103tate din dimensiunea celorlalte dou\u0103 piramide din Giza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suprafa\u021ba sa de baz\u0103 este mai mic\u0103 de un sfert din cea a celor doi vecini ai s\u0103i, iar masa total\u0103 a cl\u0103dirii este <strong>de aproximativ 10 ori mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea a piramidei lui Khefren<\/strong>. Acest lucru a fost adesea explicat ca un <strong>semn al declinului bog\u0103\u021biei<\/strong> \u0219i puterii dinastiei a IV-a, dar calitatea \u0219i m\u0103iestria \u00eenalt\u0103 a mai multor statui ale lui Mykerinos care au fost g\u0103site \u00een sau \u00een apropierea complexului funerar par s\u0103 contrazic\u0103 acest lucru. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este, de asemenea, interesant de observat c\u0103 majoritatea piramidelor construite \u00een timpul dinastiilor a V-a \u0219i a VI-a, ar avea aproximativ aceea\u0219i dimensiune cu cea a lui Mykerinos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/scaletowidth.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-69080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/scaletowidth.png 510w, https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/scaletowidth-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/scaletowidth-150x73.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Piramida luSursa: Lehner,&nbsp;<em>Complete Pyramids<\/em>, p. 134.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Piramida nu a fost finalizat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la moartea lui Mykerinos, ci \u00een timpul domniei lui Shepseskaf \u0219i doar par\u021bial. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Partea superioar\u0103 a fost finisat\u0103 \u00een acum tradi\u021bionalul calcar fin de la Turah, dar 16 randuri din partea de jos au fost l\u0103sate nefinizate. Acest lucru poate ar\u0103ta, cel pu\u021bin pentru piramida lui Mykerinos, c\u0103 <strong>carcasa exterioar\u0103 a fost a\u0219ezat\u0103 de sus \u00een jos<\/strong>, probabil pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce s-a \u00eendep\u0103rtat rampa (rampele) care au fost folosite pentru a transporta blocurile grele de granit ro\u0219u p\u00e2n\u0103 sus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Structura intern\u0103 a Piramida lui Mykerinos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Structura intern\u0103 a piramidei este mult mai complex\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea a piramidelor lui Kheops \u0219i Khefren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Intrarea se afl\u0103 la aproximativ 4 metri deasupra nivelului solului \u00een partea de nord a piramidei. De acolo un pasaj coboar\u0103 31 de metri p\u00e2n\u0103 la o prim\u0103 camer\u0103. Pere\u021bii primei \u00eenc\u0103peri sunt decora\u021bi cu panouri \u00eencastrate, amintind de motivul u\u0219ii false care poate fi g\u0103sit \u00een multe morminte neregale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Piramida lui Mykerinos este primul morm\u00e2nt regal de la cel al lui Netjerikhet la Saqqara, care a avut o decora\u021bie interioar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">\u201dLa cap\u0103tul opus al camerei cu panouri, un coridor orizontal, c\u00e2ndva blocat de trei blocuri de grilaj, continu\u0103 spre anticamera orientat\u0103 est-vest. Cap\u0103tul de est al anticamerei se afl\u0103 direct sub axa vertical\u0103 a piramidei.<br>Direct deasupra punctului \u00een care pasajul orizontal intr\u0103 \u00een anticamera, un alt pasaj se deschide \u0219i, dup\u0103 o scurt\u0103 \u00eentindere orizontal\u0103, duce \u00een sus \u0219i se opre\u0219te \u00een miezul piramidei.<br><br>Un pasaj descendent se deschide \u00een mijlocul podelei anticamerei \u0219i duce spre vest, la camera funerar\u0103 care a fost s\u0103pat\u0103 \u00een roca de baz\u0103. Este \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00een \u00eentregime \u00een granit. Tavanul camerei funerare este rotunjit, dar a fost decupat din p\u0103r\u021bile inferioare ale pl\u0103cilor uria\u0219e care au fost a\u0219ezate sub forma unui acoperi\u0219 \u00eentins.<br><br>Un sarcofag de culoare \u00eenchis\u0103, cu motivul de lambriuri \u00eencastrate, a fost g\u0103sit gol \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 capac. A fost \u00eendep\u0103rtat pentru a fi trimis \u00een Anglia, dar, din p\u0103cate, nava care o transporta s-a scufundat.<br><br>Un sicriu din lemn inscrip\u021bionat cu numele Mykerinos g\u0103sit \u00een piramid\u0103, pare s\u0103 fie datat din dinastia a 26-a, iar pu\u021binele r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021be umane par a fi de o dat\u0103 \u0219i mai recent\u0103.<br><br>Chiar \u00eenainte de a intra \u00een camera funerar\u0103, la nordul pasajului se deschide o camer\u0103 cu patru ni\u0219e \u00een peretele de est \u0219i dou\u0103 \u00een nord. Camere similare au fost g\u0103site \u0219i \u00een piramidele ulterioare, fie c\u0103 num\u0103rul de ni\u0219e a fost redus la trei.\u201d (extras de pe ancient-egypt.org)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Piramidele Reginei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceea\u0219i surs\u0103 precizeaz\u0103 faptul c\u0103 la sud de zidul de incint\u0103 al piramidei principale a complexului au fost construite trei piramide mai mici. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Doar cea mai estic\u0103 piramid\u0103 era o adev\u0103rat\u0103 piramid\u0103, celelalte dou\u0103 fiind piramide cu trepte mici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Substructura celei mai estice piramide sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 a \u00eenceput ca o <strong>piramid\u0103 satelit<\/strong> \u0219i c\u0103 a fost ulterior transformat\u0103 \u00eentr-un <strong>loc de \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntare pentru una dintre reginele lui Mykerinos<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toate cele trei piramide aveau mici altare din c\u0103r\u0103mid\u0103, ceea ce arat\u0103 c\u0103 exista cel pu\u021bin inten\u021bia unui<strong> cult funerar<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Doar piramida din mijloc con\u021binea trupul unei tinere, dar nu se \u0219tie dac\u0103 ea a fost proprietara ini\u021bial\u0103 a morm\u00e2ntului sau rezultatul unei \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103ri intruzive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Surse informa\u021bii: ancient-egypt.org<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"\/media\/egipt\/Piramida lui Mykerinos.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Menkaura (sau Men-Kau-Re; Mycerinus \u00een latin\u0103; Mykerinos \u00een greac\u0103) a fost (potrivit multor surse) faraon al dinastiei a IV-a din Vechiului Regat al Egiptului Antic. Pharaoh.se plaseaz\u0103 domnia lui Mykerinos \u00eentre 2447 \u00ee.Hr. \u0219i 2442 \u00ee.Hr. Profesorul John Baimes \u0219i dr. Jaromir Malek \u00eel plaseaz\u0103, \u00een lucrarea \u201dAtlasul Egiptului Antic\u201d, \u00eentre 2490 \u00ee.Hr. \u0219i 2472 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-egiptul-antic"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Menkaura (Mykerinos) - al \u0219aselea faraon al Dinastiei a 4-a - carpsilviuionut.ro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/mykerinos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Menkaura (Mykerinos) - al \u0219aselea faraon al Dinastiei a 4-a - carpsilviuionut.ro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Menkaura (sau Men-Kau-Re; Mycerinus \u00een latin\u0103; Mykerinos \u00een greac\u0103) a fost (potrivit multor surse) faraon al dinastiei a IV-a din Vechiului Regat al Egiptului Antic. Pharaoh.se plaseaz\u0103 domnia lui Mykerinos \u00eentre 2447 \u00ee.Hr. \u0219i 2442 \u00ee.Hr. Profesorul John Baimes \u0219i dr. Jaromir Malek \u00eel plaseaz\u0103, \u00een lucrarea \u201dAtlasul Egiptului Antic\u201d, \u00eentre 2490 \u00ee.Hr. \u0219i 2472 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/mykerinos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"carpsilviuionut.ro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-24T14:36:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-26T18:50:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mykerinos.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"carpsilviuionut.ro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"carpsilviuionut.ro\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/mykerinos\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/civilizatii-antice\/egiptul-antic\/mykerinos\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"carpsilviuionut.ro\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carpsilviuionut.ro\/articole\/#\/schema\/person\/71c19e5491505e2b91f094118a771e97\"},\"headline\":\"Menkaura (Mykerinos) &#8211; 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